Outdoor Basketball Court Lighting System Design
Directory:
1. Basketball Court Lighting System Design
2. Basketball Court Lighting System Hardware Design
3. Basketball Court Lighting System Software Design
This design features six sets of LED lights installed on each side of an outdoor basketball court for lighting purposes. It incorporates a ZigBee-based intelligent lighting control system specifically for outdoor basketball courts. The system includes light sensor nodes (which determine whether to activate the lights based on external light levels), pressure sensor nodes (which detect if a basketball hits the backboard to decide on lighting activation), and humidity sensor nodes (which assess air humidity to determine if it is sunny, thus influencing lighting decisions and mitigating the impact of large raindrops on the backboard). These sensors are placed on the back of the basketball board to gather data. This data is transmitted to a coordinator using multi-point distributed ZigBee wireless communication technology. The coordinator processes the data according to predefined rules and sends control signals to the lighting switch, which then turns the lights on or off, achieving intelligent control of the court's lighting system.
1. Basketball Court Lighting System Design
The intelligent lighting control system for outdoor basketball courts comprises terminal nodes, coordinators, lighting switches, host computers, and power supplies. The terminal nodes are installed in the backboard and are labeled according to the two backboards of the court, including illumination nodes 1 and 2. pressure nodes 1 and 2. and humidity nodes 1 and 2. These terminal nodes connect to the coordinator via a ZigBee wireless transmission network. The coordinator sends control signals to the lighting switch and communicates with the host computer through a serial port. The main steps in implementing the control system are as follows:
(1) The illumination, humidity, and pressure nodes embedded in the backboard measure the current external light intensity, air humidity, and pressure on the backboard, then relay this data to the coordinator;
(2) The coordinator processes the collected data based on preset rules and sends control signals to the lighting switch to manage the lighting levels—no lighting, half-court lighting, or full-court lighting;
(3) The coordinator transmits the relevant data to the host computer via the serial port.
2. Basketball Court Lighting System Hardware Design
The design of the system hardware primarily consists of a sensor module, a wireless communication module, a lighting switch module, a host computer, and a power module.
2.1 Sensor Module
The sensor module is made up of a light sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor. The BH1750 is a digital light sensor integrated circuit that includes a photodiode, an operational amplifier, an ADC for data acquisition, and a crystal oscillator. The photodiode transforms light signals into electrical signals through the photovoltaic effect. The operational amplifier amplifies the collected voltage, which is then converted into a binary number by the ADC and digital logic circuit. The BH1750 features an I2C bus interface for communication with the microcontroller. As illustrated in Figure 3. the BH1750 connects to the GPIO port of the CC2530 via the SCL and SDA ports.
The FSR402 is a resistive force sensor with a sensing area of 12.7 mm in diameter and a lifespan exceeding 1 million compressions. Figure 4 demonstrates that the sensor operates by converting the pressure applied to its film area into a resistance value. The relationship between pressure and resistance is inversely proportional, allowing pressure information to be derived from the resistance value. This sensor is known for its high measurement accuracy, lightweight design, compact size, and long lifespan.
The DHT11 is a digital temperature and humidity sensor that outputs a calibrated digital signal. It consists of a resistive humidity sensing element and a negative temperature coefficient temperature measuring element. The specialized sensing technology for temperature and humidity, along with digital module acquisition technology, ensures the sensor's high reliability and stability. Its small size, low power consumption, and long transmission range (up to 20 meters) make the DHT11 an ideal choice for various applications.
2.2 Wireless Communication Module
The wireless communication network utilized in this design is based on ZigBee technology. ZigBee is characterized by low power consumption, cost-effectiveness, a slow data rate, self-configuration capabilities, and flexible network topology, making it widely applicable in intelligent automation sectors such as smart homes, smart cities, and industrial control. The wireless communication module is built using the CC2530 chip, which supports the Z-Stack protocol stack. The CC2530 is a ZigBee-certified network processor from Texas Instruments that complies with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard/ZigBee/ZigBee RF4CE. It integrates an 8051 microprocessor, an RF transceiver, 8 KB of RAM, and various powerful peripherals and support functions. Additionally, the chip features three power management modes: interrupt mode, sleep mode, and wake-up mode, which can switch between each other to significantly reduce power consumption.
2.3 Lighting Switch Module
The lighting switch module manages the state of the basketball court lights based on control signals received from the coordinator. It primarily consists of an optocoupler and a relay, with the optocoupler connected to the relay. The optocoupler facilitates the conversion from electrical to light signals and vice versa, providing strong resistance to interference and ensuring one-way signal transmission. The relay acts as an automatic switch with isolation capabilities, serving functions such as control, protection, regulation, and information transfer. The coordinator sends a control signal to the relay via the optocoupler to manage the lighting's switch state.
3. Basketball Court Lighting System Software Design
The software design encompasses both terminal node software and coordinator software.
3.1 Terminal Node Software Design
The ZigBee network is initiated by the coordinator, which sets up the network after defining parameters like the personal area network ID, wireless communication channel, and transceiver address. The terminal node then requests to join the network, and its parameters are checked for consistency with those of the coordinator. If they match, the terminal node successfully connects to the ZigBee network. The process for the terminal node is as follows: after system initialization, it requests to join the ZigBee wireless network; upon successful connection, it starts a timer and, once the timer expires, forwards the sensor data to the coordinator.
3.2 Coordinator Software Design
The outdoor basketball court features a lighting system consisting of six LED lights positioned on either side of the court. Lights 1. 2. 3. and 4 are located in the left half, while lights 5 and 6 are in the right half. When the left half is in use, only lights 1 and 2 are activated, with the others off. Conversely, when the right half is utilized, lights 5 and 6 are turned on, and lights 1 to 4 are off. If the entire court is in use, all six lights are illuminated. As illustrated in Figure 7. the lighting control unit for the full court monitors the half-court lighting conditions in real-time and executes the necessary actions. If lights 1. 2. 5. and 6 are all on simultaneously, lights 3 and 4 will automatically turn on; otherwise, they remain off.
The program flow for controlling the half-court lighting operates as follows: after the coordinator establishes the ZigBee network, it waits to receive a terminal node that joins the network. Once a terminal node connects, the coordinator collects data from it and assesses whether the data meets the lighting criteria. If the criteria are satisfied, the corresponding light for that node is activated for 15 minutes. If not, the system checks if the light has been on for 15 minutes; if it has, the light is turned off. The terminal node comprises two components: node 1 (which includes illumination sensor 1. pressure sensor 1. and humidity sensor 1) corresponds to lights 1 and 2. while node 2 (which includes illumination sensor 2. pressure sensor 2. and humidity sensor 2) corresponds to lights 5 and 6. The lighting conditions are defined by insufficient light near the court and the presence of a player exerting a certain pressure on the backboard, which should also be relatively dry. Specifically, the sensors detect that illumination and humidity levels fall below a set threshold, while pressure exceeds a specified value.
After dark, inadequate lighting poses a significant challenge for outdoor basketball courts, hindering the sport's growth. Even when lights are available, they are often not utilized due to insufficient management. To address these issues, this paper proposes a ZigBee-based intelligent lighting control system for outdoor basketball courts. The system measures the current external light intensity, air humidity, and pressure near the backboard, sending this data to a coordinator. The coordinator processes the information based on predefined rules and sends control signals to the lighting switch, allowing for three lighting options: no lighting, half-court lighting, and full-court lighting. This system enables intelligent control of outdoor court lighting on clear nights, featuring an "automatic on/off" function that activates the lights when players are present and turns them off when the court is empty.