Sports Court Lighting Control System
Directory:
1. Fundamental Requirements for Designing the Lighting Power Distribution and Control System in Sports Courts
1.1 Enhancing Reliability
1.2 Appropriate Selection of Lighting Parameters
1.3 Energy-efficient Design
2. Detailed Design of Lighting Power Distribution and Control System for Stadium Venues
2.1 Lamp Selection
2.2 Power Distribution Design
2.3 Intelligent Lighting Control System Design
The lighting power distribution and control system is a crucial aspect of sports court design that has garnered significant attention. Its primary goal is to deliver natural, clear, and comfortable lighting for both athletes and spectators, allowing them to fully engage in the sporting atmosphere while ensuring that activities take place in a relaxed and well-lit environment. This article focuses on enhancing the reliability of the lighting power distribution and control system, aiming to optimize the lighting quality within sports courts.
1. Fundamental Requirements for Designing the Lighting Power Distribution and Control System in Sports Courts
Sports courts are primarily used for hosting competitions, so the lighting power distribution and control system must meet specific illumination standards for the court. It is essential to ensure comprehensive lighting coverage without any dark spots. The lighting fixtures should provide high brightness, uniformity, soft light, and minimal glare. Additionally, it is important to maintain appropriate horizontal and vertical illumination while reducing glare.
1.1 Enhancing Reliability
1.1.1 Choosing Electrical Equipment
The reliability of the lighting power distribution and control system is closely linked to the quality of the electrical equipment used. Ensuring high reliability in electrical components is vital for improving the overall reliability of the lighting system in sports courts. By optimizing both the lighting and power distribution systems, we can enhance their economic efficiency, safety, and technological sophistication while maintaining essential power quality.
1.1.2 Implementing Fully Selective Protection Settings
The lighting power distribution and control system should incorporate computer and artificial intelligence technologies to accurately calculate fault currents and establish fully selective protection settings. It is crucial to ensure that the action time limits and current levels of backup automatic transfer devices and protective devices are set with a predetermined level difference. This approach allows for selective switching of fault circuits, minimizes the extent of power outages, avoids unnecessary disruptions, and ultimately enhances the reliability of the lighting power distribution and control system throughout the sports court.
1.2 Appropriate Selection of Lighting Parameters
As on-site lighting technology advances, people's expectations for visual quality are rising, necessitating enhancements in the system's dynamic range to ensure program clarity in stadiums. The design of the lighting power distribution and control system for stadiums typically involves using fixtures with a high color rendering index, high luminous output, and low glare. Additionally, the chosen fixtures must fulfill the lighting requirements for the specific events held. When designing the lighting system, it is essential to take into account the actual illumination needs of the court.
The uniformity of illumination, color rendering index, color temperature, and other performance metrics of the lighting equipment in operation must exceed the minimum standards set forth; the glare index should remain below the specified limits. Implementing intelligent control methods in the lighting power distribution and control system is necessary to accommodate multi-mode switching. The placement and design of the fixtures must also be considered to ensure they do not compromise safety or the overall aesthetic of the sports court. The arrangement of fixtures within the lighting system should be logical to guarantee comprehensive coverage of the court, and the lighting fixtures should provide a consistent directional beam angle. To maintain light transmission efficiency, appropriate anti-overflow devices should be included.
Furthermore, the specific needs of the client must be taken into account during the layout and equipment selection for the lighting system, along with a clear understanding of the cultural identity and characteristics of the stadium. The design of the lighting power distribution and control system should prioritize practicality, user-friendliness, and reliability, aiming for optimal investment efficiency while clearly defining the investment scale.
1.3 Energy-efficient Design
It is essential to choose high-efficiency and energy-saving light sources, along with compatible high-efficiency lamps and electrical components, all of which must adhere to current national energy efficiency standards. Reactive power compensation for gas discharge light sources should be distributed. The power factor for compensated fluorescent lamps should be at least 0.9. while high-intensity gas discharge lamps should not fall below 0.85. and LED lamps should also maintain a minimum of 0.9. The lighting control system should be appropriately configured based on different usage functions. When feasible, natural light should be maximized for illumination, and steps should be taken to prevent shadows caused by intense natural light, ensuring even lighting across all areas of the stadium.
2. Detailed Design of Lighting Power Distribution and Control System for Stadium Venues
The lighting power distribution and control system for stadiums should be straightforward, dependable, adaptable, user-friendly, and cost-effective. A suitable lighting power distribution and control system must be established based on the various venue classifications and their respective load levels. For instance, the lighting load in Class A sports facilities should be treated as a primary load, while Class B and Class C facilities should be considered secondary loads. The primary load should be switched at the end for power supply, whereas the secondary load can be supplied by a low-voltage single circuit if it meets the criteria for high-voltage dual power supply.
The design of the lighting power distribution and control system can utilize the widely adopted AGI32 computer-aided acoustic design software. This software allows for the simulation and calculation of the optical characteristics of the surrounding environment and the light source's radiation response, ultimately leading to a lighting power distribution and control system that fulfills the venue's and users' requirements. During the AGI32 optical simulation design, it is crucial to take into account factors such as venue height, space, audience seating, and functions, simulating the lighting range, illumination levels, and uniformity to ensure that the final design of the lighting power distribution and control system achieves optimal results and meets the venue's usage needs.
2.1 Lights Selection
2.1.1 Light Source Choice
The light source should consist of high-power lamp beads that provide significant brightness, a color that complements the stadium, a long lifespan, and softer illumination. When selecting the power of the light source, it is essential to take into account the installation location, size, and height of the sports court. The chosen light source must ignite reliably and maintain stability.
2.1.2 Anti-Glare Features
The chosen lamp should incorporate an anti-glare design, featuring an anti-glare cover on its exterior. This cover should be produced by the same manufacturer as the lamp, made from high-pressure cast aluminum, and match the lamp's overall appearance and color. It is advisable to select high-quality lighting products with excellent anti-glare capabilities to ensure compliance with all specifications, effectively minimize glare, and provide high brightness in the venue without causing discomfort to attendees. Additionally, the lamps should have a well-planned lighting distribution, utilizing various patterns to direct light effectively into the venue, thereby reducing light spill and minimizing the impact on nearby residential areas. The stadium's lighting should blend harmoniously with the surrounding environment.
2.1.3 Photoelectric Separation Design
The driver should utilize a photoelectric separation design based on the lamp's power, constructed from high-pressure cast aluminum with a minimum thickness of 2 mm. The internal and external components, including the built-in driver, dimming controller, disconnector, fuse, and grounding rod, should be housed in the power distribution room for easy maintenance and to alleviate the load on the wiring.
2.2 Power Distribution Design
Given the unique lighting requirements of stadiums, the power distribution for venue lighting should follow a radial approach and be kept separate from other lighting power distribution and control systems. This separation helps prevent failures in other systems from affecting the venue lighting. A common method to ensure reliable power supply is the dual-power terminal switching method, which must be tailored to the power supply needs of the electrical equipment. For instance, venue lighting has specific demands regarding power supply switching times, and relying solely on dual-power mutual switching may not suffice. In such cases, it may be necessary to incorporate an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
The terminal lamps can utilize a dual-power cross-distribution method, where each power box supplies half of the lighting. This setup ensures that if one power supply fails, half of the venue's lights will remain operational, evenly distributed to facilitate the smooth running of events and emergency broadcasts. Each lighting distribution box should employ a radial distribution method, taking into account the power supply radius and voltage drop, with distribution boxes placed in each distribution room based on the distance to the power supply. The power supply voltage is set at 220 V/380 V, and the grounding protection system follows a TN-S configuration. Since gas discharge lamps are nonlinear loads, the lines contain high-order harmonics, primarily third harmonics, necessitating that the neutral line section of all lines be sized according to the maximum single-phase current.
UPS systems come equipped with their own voltage stabilization devices, have short switching times, and offer various advantages for application. They are essential for lighting power distribution in large stadiums and competition venues. For critical venues, online UPS power cabinets can be added at the end to enhance power supply quality. The UPS rectifier stabilizes the output voltage, ensuring optimal lamp performance. Currently, emergency power supply systems (EPS) that allow for quick switching can also fulfill the uninterrupted power supply needs of lighting and can be selected based on specific design requirements. However, since UPS rectifier equipment generates significant heat and harmonics, additional support equipment, such as air conditioning for the machine room and filtering devices, must be included. The increase in such equipment leads to higher initial investments and ongoing maintenance costs, making it less economical. UPS systems are best suited for Class A stadiums and venues hosting significant competitions.
2.3 Intelligent Lighting Control System Design
Designing a lighting power distribution and control system for stadiums is a complex and technical task that requires high functionality. The lighting control must cater to the viewing needs of the audience while accommodating the requirements of various sports events. Different control modes should be selected based on the specific characteristics of each sports court. Common modes include emergency lighting, training, broadcasting, competition, and plot modes. To address the needs of these different modes, an intelligent lighting control system is essential for managing the venue's lighting power distribution and control.
Typically, an intelligent lighting control system comprises three main components: the output unit, the system unit, and the input unit. Each module must have a designated unit address and be designed with functions that align with the software system. Advanced communication and electronic technologies are often employed in intelligent lighting control systems to facilitate group control, multi-point control, timing control, and real-time monitoring of the lighting power distribution and control system. Sports courts require a dedicated control room to oversee and manage the lighting power distribution and control system throughout the venue. Even smaller sports courts should have a basic lighting control system, utilizing intelligent control panels for appropriate management.
Given the large scale, complexity, and varied architectural designs of sports courts, the design of their lighting power distribution and control systems differs significantly from standard systems, necessitating consideration of numerous factors. When designing, it is crucial to take into account the stadium's classification and size, incorporate internet and communication technologies in light of rapidly advancing new technologies, and develop an intelligent lighting control system to enhance the reliability and safety of the entire stadium's lighting power distribution and control system.